Anaemia is a health condition that affects many people worldwide. It happens when your blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Because of this, your body may not get enough oxygen. As a result, you might feel tired or weak. In this blog, we will explain what anaemia is, the common causes, signs of anaemia, and how to test for anaemia. Understanding these facts can help you know when to seek help.

What is Anaemia?

Simply put, anaemia means you do not have enough red blood cells or haemoglobin in your blood. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When you have low haemoglobin, your body cannot get enough oxygen. Therefore, you may feel tired or short of breath. There are different types of anaemia, and each type has its own cause. For example, iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type. Other types include vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia and sickle cell anaemia. Each type needs different care.

Common Causes of Anaemia

There are many reasons why someone might develop anaemia. Some causes are simple, while others are more complex. For instance, not eating enough iron-rich foods can lead to anaemia. In addition, some health problems can cause your body to lose blood or destroy red blood cells too quickly.

Lack of iron: Iron helps make red blood cells. Without enough iron, your body cannot make enough healthy cells.

Vitamin deficiencies: Not getting enough vitamin B12 or folic acid can cause certain types of anaemia.

Blood loss: Heavy periods, stomach ulcers, or injuries can cause you to lose blood.

Chronic diseases: Conditions like kidney disease or cancer can affect red blood cell production.

Inherited conditions: Some people are born with anaemia, such as sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia.

Because there are many causes, it is important to find out which type of anaemia you have.

Symptoms of Anaemia

Anaemia can cause many different symptoms. Sometimes, these signs of anaemia are mild and easy to miss. However, they can become worse over time. If you notice these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor. Early treatment can help you feel better.

Feeling tired or weak, even after resting

Pale or yellowish skin

Shortness of breath during simple activities

Fast or irregular heartbeat

Dizziness or feeling lightheaded

Cold hands and feet

Headaches

Because these symptoms can also be caused by other problems, it is important to get checked if you notice them.

Diagnostic Tests for Anaemia

If you have signs of anaemia, your doctor may suggest tests. These tests help find the cause and type of anaemia. Knowing how to test for anaemia can make the process less stressful. First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC) is usually done. This test checks your red blood cell and haemoglobin levels.

Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures red blood cells, haemoglobin, and other blood parts.

Iron studies: Checks iron levels in your blood.

Vitamin B12 and folate tests: Looks for vitamin deficiencies.

Reticulocyte count: Shows if your body is making new red blood cells.

Other tests: Sometimes, tests for kidney function or bone marrow may be needed.

After these tests, your doctor can confirm the anaemia diagnosis and suggest the right treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), early testing helps prevent serious problems.